54 Basic Surgical Instruments and Their Uses

Sr. No.	Name of Surgical Instruments	Use in Medical Procedures
1	Scalpel	Incisions and precise cutting
2	Forceps	Grasping, holding, and manipulating tissues
3	Retractor	Holding incisions open and exposing the area
4	Scissors	Cutting tissues and sutures
5	Needle Holder	Holding and passing sutures through tissues
6	Tissue Forceps	Holding and manipulating delicate tissues
7	Trocar	Creating access points for minimally invasive surgery
8	Bone Saw	Cutting through bones during orthopedic procedures
9	Rongeur	Removing bone fragments and tissue
10	Surgical Drill	Drilling holes in bones
11	Speculum	Examining and accessing body cavities
12	Curette	Scraping or scooping tissues
13	Retractor	Exposing surgical field and organs
14	Clip Applier	Applying clips to close blood vessels
15	Stapler	Closing and sealing tissue incisions
16	Electrocautery	Cutting, coagulating, and sealing blood vessels
17	Suture	Stitching incisions and wound closure
18	Bulldog Clamp	Temporarily occluding blood vessels
19	Nasal Speculum	Examining nasal passages
20	Anoscope	Examining the anus and rectum
21	Tenotomy Scissors	Cutting tendons
22	Biopsy Punch	Obtaining tissue samples for examination
23	Rib Spreader	Opening the ribcage for thoracic surgeries
24	Grafting Knife	Preparing grafts for transplantation
25	Retinal Scissors	Cutting delicate structures in eye surgeries
26	Ligature Carrier	Placing and tying ligatures
27	Spinal Needle	Administering anesthesia or withdrawing fluid
28	Endoscope	Visualizing internal structures
29	Gastroscope	Examining the gastrointestinal tract
30	Cannula	Inserting and draining fluids
31	Ophthalmoscope	Examining the interior of the eye
32	Tonsillectomy	Removing tonsils
33	Cystoscope	Examining the urinary bladder
34	Bone Clamp	Holding bone fragments in place
35	Trocar	Draining fluid or creating access points
36	Rib Shear	Cutting ribs during thoracic surgeries
37	Babcock Forceps	Grasping and manipulating delicate tissues
38	Abdominal Retractor	Exposing abdominal cavity
39	Vascular Clamp	Occluding blood vessels during surgery
40	Bronchoscope	Examining the bronchial passages
41	Dermal Curette	Removing skin lesions
42	Catheter	Inserting and draining fluids
43	Myringotomy Knife	Making incisions in the eardrum for drainage
44	Uterine Sound	Measuring the depth of the uterus
45	Thoracic Trocar	Inserting chest tubes
46	Episiotomy Scissors	Making incisions during childbirth
47	Tissue Scissors	Cutting and dissecting delicate tissues
48	Vein Stripper	Removing varicose veins
49	Hernia Clamp	Repairing hernias
50	Endocervical Curette	Scraping the cervical canal
51	Bone Chisel	Cutting or shaping bones during orthopedic procedures
52	Hemostat	Controlling bleeding during surgery
53	Suture Passer	Passing sutures through tissues or anatomical structures
54	Dermatomes	Precisely cutting thin slices of skin for grafting procedures

Surgical Instruments Used For Normal Delivery

A "normal birth" is a natural delivery process without the need for medical or technological interventions such as induction, acceleration, medical pain relief, forceps, ventouse, Caesarean, or episiotomy. Essentially, it involves giving birth vaginally without the assistance of a doctor. It's important to note that each delivery experience varies for every mother.

During a typical vaginal birth, various instruments may be used to facilitate the process. These instruments include:

1. Artery Forceps:

2. 
   Used to manage bleeding from blood vessels by clamping them.Features a locking mechanism high up on the forks to secure them during surgical procedures.

3. Adson Dissecting Forceps:

4. 
   Used to handle tissues, materials, and manipulate needles during surgery.

1. Sponge Holding Forceps:

   • 
     
     Plastic forceps for holding sponges during surgeries and exams to position and secure dressings.

2. 
   

3. Mayo Scissors:

   • 
     
     Utilized by healthcare practitioners to create episiotomy incisions during the pushing stage of labor.

4. 
   

5. BP Handle No. 4:

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   • A reusable flat handle designed for use with surgical blades of various sizes and shapes, reducing the risk to surgeons and assistants during instrument passing.
   • 
     

6. Kocher Ochsner Forceps 18:

   • 
     
     Used to control bleeding by holding arteries or tissues during operations.

7. 
   

8. Instrument Tray:

   • 
     
     Protects medical instruments during sterilization in an autoclave and facilitates their transportation.

9. Kidney Dish:

   • 
     
     A kidney-shaped basin used during surgical procedures to transport dressings, bandages, and medical waste.

10. 
    

11. Auvard Vaginal Speculum:

    • 
      
      One-ended instrument designed to keep the vaginal canal clear, allowing hands-free performance of OB/GYN surgeries.

12. 
    

13. Umbilical Cord Scissor:

    • 
      
      Specifically designed to slice the umbilical cord following birth.

14. 
    

15. 
    

16. Sims Vaginal Spatula:

    • 
      
      A surgical instrument with two blades used to examine the vagina and cervix.

It's important to ensure the proper sterilization and use of these instruments during medical procedures. For instance, the Auvard Vaginal Speculum is utilized in OB/GYN surgeries, and the Sims Vaginal Spatula requires sterilization through cold soak solutions before use. Following manufacturer guidelines is crucial for the effective and safe use of these instruments during medical procedures.